{"id":284,"date":"2018-07-31T20:56:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-31T17:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/?p=284"},"modified":"2022-01-14T16:31:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:31:42","slug":"yastik-bazaltlari-heybetli-bacalar-ve-karides-tarlalari-broken-spurda-uc-uzun-dalisin-ardindan-izlenimler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/2018\/07\/31\/yastik-bazaltlari-heybetli-bacalar-ve-karides-tarlalari-broken-spurda-uc-uzun-dalisin-ardindan-izlenimler\/","title":{"rendered":"Yast\u0131k Bazaltlar\u0131, Heybetli Bacalar ve Karides Tarlalar\u0131: Broken Spur\u2019da \u00dc\u00e7 Uzun Dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n Ard\u0131ndan \u0130zlenimler"},"content":{"rendered":"

-Serhat<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Hidrotermal bacalar\u0131n birbirinden farkl\u0131 jeolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler sonucu olu\u015fabilece\u011finden daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131larda bahsetmi\u015f, bu temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin sonucunda Atlantik okyanusunda yer alan Rainbow ve Lost City gibi farkl\u0131 sistemlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftik. \u015eimdi ise Atlantik seferimizin son dura\u011f\u0131 olan Broken Spur hidrotermal alan\u0131ndan ve bu alan\u0131 di\u011fer iki alandan ay\u0131ran temel \u00f6zelliklerden bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Broken Spur hidrotermal alan\u0131 Atlantik okyanusunun derinliklerinde 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikan Alvin denizalt\u0131s\u0131 ile ke\u015ffedildi. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu alanda yap\u0131lan seri dal\u0131\u015flar ile alan\u0131n dinamikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortak Ingiliz-Rus projesi olan BRAVEX \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Rus denizalt\u0131s\u0131 M\u0130R ile de dal\u0131\u015flar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Victor ile Broken Spur\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dal\u0131\u015flarda hem Alvin hem de M\u0130R i\u015faretleyicilerine rastlad\u0131k zaten. Sonras\u0131nda ise Broken Spur\u2019a ara\u015ft\u0131rma denizalt\u0131lar\u0131 ya da ROVlar ile dal\u0131\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f, ta ki bizim seferimize kadar. Bu y\u00fczden ge\u00e7en 23 y\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan buray\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran ekibin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in kendimi \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131 hissediyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Broken Spur hidrotermal alan\u0131 Orta Atlantik S\u0131rt ekseninde bulunan bir alan. S\u0131rt ekseninin aktif magmatizma sonucu genel olarak bazaltik kaya\u00e7lar ile domine edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftim ve tam da bekledi\u011fimiz gibi ilk dal\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda bizi yast\u0131k bazaltlar\u0131 (pillow basalts) kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Bu yap\u0131lar lavan\u0131n okyanus tabanlar\u0131nda y\u00fczeye p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesiyle olu\u015fuyor. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen lava \u00e7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00f6rece \u00e7ok daha so\u011fuk deniz suyuyla temas eden d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fuyor ve bir d\u0131\u015f \u00e7eper olu\u015fuyor. Bu \u00e7eperin s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n i\u00e7i arkadan gelen lav ile dolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a zaman i\u00e7inde \u015fi\u015fkin eliptik bir \u015fekil al\u0131yor. Yeteri kadar dolduktan sonra \u00e7eper y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131yor ve akan lav benzer \u015fekilde yeni yast\u0131k bazaltlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

So\u011fuk okyanus suyuyla temas etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fumadan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yast\u0131k bazaltlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00e7eperi genellikle volkanik cam \u015feklinde olu\u015fmakta. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dal\u0131\u015fta Broken Spur b\u00f6lgesindeki bazaltlar\u0131n \u00fczerleri zaman i\u00e7inde tortul bir tabakayla kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu cams\u0131 yap\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6rme \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z olmad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu durum bu b\u00f6lgedeki bazaltlar\u0131n g\u00f6rece ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve son volkanik aktivitenin \u00fczerinden biraz zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f olma ihtimalini akla getiriyor. Mustafa hoca\u2019n\u0131n yine bana anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Batuhan ile East Pacific Rise (EPR) b\u00f6lgesine Alvin ile dald\u0131klar\u0131nda da bu yast\u0131k bazaltlardan \u00e7okca g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler. Ancak orada patlama \u00e7ok yak\u0131n zamanlarda (son yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7inde) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm bazaltlar ayna gibi cams\u0131 bir par\u0131lt\u0131ya sahipmi\u015f. Asl\u0131nda Broken Spur, Orta Atlantik S\u0131rt\u0131 \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hem jeolojisi hem de hidrotermal s\u0131v\u0131 kompozisyonu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan EPR ile olduk\u00e7a benzer.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Broken Spur s\u0131rt ekseninde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yava\u015f ayr\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131na sahip Atlantik modelinde yer alan normal fay sistemleriyle kontrol edilen tektonik bir vadinin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6rsele bakabilirsiniz). Bu y\u00fczden Rainbow ve Lost City hidrotermal alanlar\u0131ndan daha derinde, ortalama 3000-3100 metre\u00a0 gibi bir derinlikte yer al\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6lgede k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklardan s\u0131zan okyanus suyu derinlerdeki magma taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e de \u00e7evredeki bazaltik kaya\u00e7lar ile etkile\u015fime giriyor ve kimyas\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana geliyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak CO2<\/sub>, H2<\/sub>S, ve metal bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin, oksijen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip asidik s\u0131v\u0131lar bu b\u00f6lgede s\u00fclf\u00fcr i\u00e7erikli bacalardan okyanusa p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcyorlar. Bu b\u00f6lgede de okyanus suyu ve hidrotermal s\u0131v\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki kimyasal dengesizlikten yararlanarak hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00e7e\u015fitli canl\u0131lar yine bacalar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015f durumdalar. Karidesler, gastropodlar, deniz anemonlar\u0131 ve bunlarla birlikte ya\u015fayan mikroorganizmalar Broken Spur ekolojisini olu\u015fturan temel canl\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Broken Spur\u2019da g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7arpan en \u00f6nemli ekolojik olgu Rainbow\u2019daki gibi midye topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7ok az olu\u015fu ve karides \u2018s\u00fcr\u00fclerinin\u2019 \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde bacalar\u0131n en s\u0131cak yerlerinde bulunmas\u0131yd\u0131. Genel olarak Broken Spur\u2019un hidrotermal bacalar\u0131 \u00e7ok etkileyici \u2013 asl\u0131nda Rainbow bacalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce biraz heybetleri beklentimi kar\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak Mustafa hoca bana \u2018bunlara aldanma, daha ba\u015fka bacalar da g\u00f6rece\u011fiz\u2019 demi\u015fti ki Lost City \u2018heybetli baca\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 epey geni\u015fletti. Broken Spur\u2019daki bacalar\u0131n isimleri de var \u2013 The Spire, Saracen\u2019s Head, Triple Chimney gibi… Bu bacalar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 saran, Rimicaris ve Chorocaris cinslerine ait en az \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr karides oldu\u011fundan bahsediyor buradaki derin deniz biyologlar\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc de Rimicaris Exoculata: \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Rimicaris exoculata: Ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u2018ekstrem\u2019*<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Rimicaris exoculata<\/em> (tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7evirisi \u2018g\u00f6zlerden yoksun karides\u2019) karidesleri, derin denizlerin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplu halde 350o<\/sup>C’ye ula\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla hidrotermal bacalarda ya\u015farlar. G\u00f6zlerden tamamen yoksundur ancak kitinsi kabu\u011fun \u015feffaf katman\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan dorsal \u201cbasit g\u00f6z\u201dde y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda g\u00f6rsel pigment olan rodopsin bulunmaktad\u0131r (resimde yer alan parlak pembe par\u00e7alara bak\u0131n). Di\u011fer baca karidesleri, indirgenme ya da kayna\u015fma e\u011filimi olsa da g\u00f6zlerini korurlar. Bu g\u00f6z\u00fcn anatomisi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelenmi\u015f ve baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 350o<\/sup>C’de bacalardan \u00e7\u0131kan termal radyasyon olan \u201ckara cisim\u201d radyasyonunu alg\u0131layabildi\u011fini varsaymaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Rimicaris hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir ilgin\u00e7 nokta ise, kitinsi kabu\u011funun alt\u0131nda s\u00fclf\u00fcr seven mikroorganizmalar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmesi ve Rimicaris\u2019in adeta bunlar\u0131 \u00a0\u2018hasat etmesi\u2019dir. Kemosentetik olan bu mikroorganizmalar y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda bulunur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00f6lgeler onlar\u0131n enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olan hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fcn bacalardan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Bu nedenle, karides bu bakterileri beslemek i\u00e7in s\u0131cak suya periyodik geziler yapmak zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Broken Spur\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 tamamlad\u0131k ve \u015fu an Lost City hidrotermal alan\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla derinlerde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z deney ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 almak ve orada yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyoruz. Buradaki k\u0131sa dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan art\u0131k seferin son g\u00fcnlerini ge\u00e7irece\u011fimiz, ba\u015fta da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Rainbow alan\u0131na ge\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Derin okyanuslar yeni bilimsel ke\u015fifler i\u00e7in bizleri bekliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takipte kal\u0131n!<\/span><\/p>\n

Rimicaris hakk\u0131ndaki detaylar i\u00e7in ODT\u00dc-DBE\u2019den Ezgi \u015eahin<\/strong>\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynaklar<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsel A : Murton, B.J., Van Dover, C., Southward, E, (1995), Geological setting and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrotermal vent field 29 10 N on Mid-Atlantik Ridge. In: L.M. Parson, C.L. Walker, and D.R. Dixon (eds.) Hydrothermal vents and Processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 87:33-41.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsel B :\u00a0http:\/\/www.deepseanews.com\/2010\/04\/the-eye-of-the-vent-shrimp<\/span><\/p>\n

Sefer ile ilgili g\u00f6rsellerin t\u00fcm haklar\u0131 IFREMER’ e aittir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-Serhat Hidrotermal bacalar\u0131n birbirinden farkl\u0131 jeolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler sonucu olu\u015fabilece\u011finden daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131larda bahsetmi\u015f, bu temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin sonucunda Atlantik okyanusunda yer alan Rainbow ve Lost City gibi farkl\u0131 sistemlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftik. \u015eimdi ise Atlantik seferimizin son dura\u011f\u0131 olan Broken Spur hidrotermal alan\u0131ndan ve bu alan\u0131 di\u011fer iki alandan ay\u0131ran temel \u00f6zelliklerden bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3466,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2018-atlantik-seferi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3466"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/muyucel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}