{"id":33,"date":"2015-02-02T21:59:11","date_gmt":"2015-02-02T21:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/?p=33"},"modified":"2015-02-02T21:59:11","modified_gmt":"2015-02-02T21:59:11","slug":"turkiyede-internet-dunu-bugunu-yarini-1996-bolum-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/2015\/02\/02\/turkiyede-internet-dunu-bugunu-yarini-1996-bolum-4\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Internet: D\u00fcn\u00fc, Bug\u00fcn\u00fc, Yar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 1996 (B\u00f6l\u00fcm-4)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kas\u0131m 1996 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Internet projesi ile \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131,\u00a0Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in Attila \u00d6zgit ile beraber ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftuk. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da o raporun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0sunulmaktad\u0131r. Raporun devam\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnlerde eklenecektir. \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nternet\u2019den her g\u00fcn bir ad\u0131m daha uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130nternet\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de nereden nereye geldi\u011fi konusunda o tarihi g\u00fcnleri birinci elden ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu rapor tarihe bir not d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcr\u015fat \u00c7a\u011f\u0131ltay, 2 \u015eubat 2015<\/p>\n

\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Internet\u2019in Kurulu\u015fu – 1993 y\u0131l\u0131<\/h1>\n

Bir \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de \u00f6zetlendi\u011fi gibi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 geni\u015f alan bilgisayar a\u011flar\u0131 ilk olarak 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcniversitelerin \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulmu\u015f ve geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerdeki gereksinimler sonucu sadece \u00fcniversiteler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ve finanse edilen bu a\u011f (T\u00dcVAKA – T\u00fcrkiye \u00dcniversiteler ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumlar\u0131 A\u011f\u0131), 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda hat s\u0131\u011fas\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi, teknolojik eskilik gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle yetersiz kalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi (ODT\u00dc) taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen bir proje T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK) taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015ftir. Bu proje kapsam\u0131ndaki \u00e7abalar sonucunda baz\u0131 yeni a\u011f teknolojilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve 1992 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak \u00f6nemli bir a\u015fama kaydedilerek T\u00fcrkiye’nin Internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki bu giri\u015fimlerle e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyada Internet a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, akademik ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devlet kurulu\u015flar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler, ticari ve askeri kurulu\u015flarca da yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Benzer geli\u015fmeler son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00fclkemizde de ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta akademik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kurulan Internet, k\u0131sa zamanda di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere de yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

12 Nisan 1993 tarihinde uluslararas\u0131 Internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile birlikte ODT\u00dc ve T\u00dcB\u0130TAK gerekli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatarak kendi personel \u00f6zkaynaklar\u0131ndan TR-NET<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TR-NET’in 1993-96 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131l boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu, \u00fcniversitelerimiz \u00f6\u011frencileri ve \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’de 500\u2019den fazla kurum ve kurulu\u015f Internet olanaklar\u0131ndan yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan tahminler 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n enaz 100,000 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya’da g\u00f6zlenen sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00fclkemizde de g\u00f6zlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

TR-NET\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucunda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi geli\u015fime ili\u015fkin istatistikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00e7izimlerde sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nisan-1993 (TR-NET Projesi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u0131) ile Ekim-1996 (TURNET servisleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u0131) aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye de DNS sistemine kay\u0131tl\u0131 Internet\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bilgisayar say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00c7izim-5\u2019te g\u00f6sterilmektedir (Kaynak: RIPE taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan Avrupadaki host say\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, adres\u00a0 ftp.ripe.net).<\/p>\n

\"dns\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00c7izim 5. DNS\u2019e Kay\u0131tl\u0131 Bilgisayar Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

Mart-1993 ile Aral\u0131k-1994 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye den Internet\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kan trafik \u00c7izim-6\u2019da g\u00f6sterilmektedir (Kaynak: Merit taraf\u0131ndan tutulan NSFNET omurga istatistikleri, Adres: nic.merit.edu – NSFNET\u2019in May\u0131s 1995 tarihinde sona ermesi nedeni ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 trafik bilgileri 1994 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar mevcuttur).<\/p>\n

\"trafik\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7izim 6. T\u00fcrkiye Internet Trafi\u011fi<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fekilden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 Internet trafi\u011fi 1.5 y\u0131l (18 ay) i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine paralel olarak sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken bir dizi fiziksel altyap\u0131 olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanamamas\u0131 sonucunda 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak\u00a0 a\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131nda bir yava\u015flama s\u00f6zkonusu olmu\u015ftur. Uluslararas\u0131 hat Ekim 1995\u2019de 128Kbps h\u0131z\u0131na, Ekim 1996\u2019da da 512Kbps h\u0131z\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmeler ile birlikte bir rahatlama sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ancak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Internet kullan\u0131m potansiyelinin bu hat s\u0131\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde oldu\u011fu da bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci boyunca s\u00fcrmekte olan di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rel geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak bilgisayar a\u011flar\u0131 konusunda \u00fclke politikas\u0131 ve bunun uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda TR-NET gurubunun \u00e7e\u015fitli platformlarda giri\u015fimleri olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Bili\u015fim\u201994 te bir Ulusal Bilgisayar A\u011flar\u0131 Politikas\u0131 \u00f6nerisi sunulmu\u015f ve konunun belli bir d\u00fczeyde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. Ek-1).<\/p>\n

Ulusal bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu sav\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, TR-NET, 1995 ilkbahar\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile \u2018servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131\u2019 modeli \u00fczerinde bir tart\u0131\u015fma platformu yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimizin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerden s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00fczeyde katk\u0131 geldiyse de, \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dolayl\u0131 bir sonucu ya da yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk Telekom (TT) A.\u015e., T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ulusal omurga a\u011f kurma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bir ihaleyi tamamlam\u0131\u015f ve 1996\u2019n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda TURNET omurgas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130hale sonucunda \u00fclke i\u00e7i bir omurga a\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve iki noktadan (Ankara ve Istanbul) uluslararas\u0131 Internet\u2019e ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu omurgan\u0131n \u00e7evresinde yer alacak olan kurulu\u015f ve ki\u015filere servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u015firketler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hizmet verilmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu planlar bug\u00fcn ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6reli bir rahatlama sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kas\u0131m 1996 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Internet projesi ile \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131,\u00a0Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in Attila \u00d6zgit ile beraber ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftuk. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da o raporun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0sunulmaktad\u0131r. Raporun devam\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnlerde eklenecektir. \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nternet\u2019den her g\u00fcn bir ad\u0131m daha uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130nternet\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de nereden nereye geldi\u011fi konusunda o tarihi g\u00fcnleri birinci elden ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin… Continue reading → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":587,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/587"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/kursat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}