{"id":164,"date":"2017-04-26T19:48:43","date_gmt":"2017-04-26T16:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/?page_id=164"},"modified":"2017-05-09T12:09:57","modified_gmt":"2017-05-09T09:09:57","slug":"bilim-merkezleri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/bilim-merkezleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilim Merkezleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 672<\/p><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berlin\u2019de kurulan Urania ile ba\u015flayan bilim m\u00fczeleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece nesnelerin sergilenmesini i\u00e7eriyordu. Zamanla sergilerin yenilenmesi ve yeni sergilerin daha etkile\u015fimli hale gelmesi onlar\u0131n bilim merkezi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131 (Reid, 1997; Swift, 1997 aktar\u0131m, Botelho ve Ana, 2006). Pearce (1996) ve Semper (1997) bilim merkezleri ve bilim m\u00fczelerinin birbirlerinden sergilenen deneylerin etkile\u015fim d\u00fczeyi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini vurgulayarak, farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015flerdir. Avrupa Bilim Merkezleri ve M\u00fczeleri A\u011f\u0131 (Ecsite, 2008) ve Finlandiya Heureka Bilim Merkezi eski direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Per-Edvin Persson ise hem bilim m\u00fczeleri hem de bilim merkezleri fen \u00f6\u011frenimini ilerletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cbir farka sahip de\u011fildir\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r. \u2018Bilim Merkezi\u2019 alan yaz\u0131nda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 isimlerde [Bilim ve Teknoloji M\u00fczeleri (ASTC), Uygulamal\u0131 Bilim Merkezi (Bradburne, 1998), Uygulamal\u0131 Bilim ve Teknoloji Merkezi (Pompea ve Hawkins, 2002; Walton, 2000), Etkile\u015fimli Bilim ve Teknoloji M\u00fczeleri (Lucas, 1983; Rennie and McClafferty, 1995)] kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131ksa da, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve yorumlamalar\u0131 aralar\u0131nda ciddi bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Janette Griffin, University of Technology, Sydney, Avusturalya (ki\u015fisel ileti\u015fim, Ocak, 12, 2009). Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki tan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilk etkile\u015fimli bilim merkezlerinin Frank Friedman Oppenheimer taraf\u0131ndan kurulan San Fransisko M\u00fczesi (Exploratorium) ve 23 Nisan 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizin ilk bilim merkezi Feza G\u00fcrsey Bilim Merkezi&#8217;nin kurulmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan Kanada Ontraio bilim merkezi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan ilk yapay uydu Sputnik\u2019in uzaya g\u00f6nderilmesi ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan fen bilimleri e\u011fitiminde yeni bir yap\u0131lanmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fen bilimleri e\u011fitimi geli\u015ftirilmeli ve t\u00fcm Amerika vatanda\u015flar\u0131 okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bilimsel bilgiye ula\u015fabilmeliydi. Bu yap\u0131lanma ilk etkile\u015fimli bilim merkezleri olan Exploratorium (San Francisco) ve Ontario (Kanada) bilim merkezlerinin 1969\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131 (Ogawa, Loomis ve Crain, 2008).\u00a0\u00a0 Bu iki bilim merkezinin faaliyete ge\u00e7mesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan, amac\u0131 yine bireyleri bilim ve teknoloji konusunda e\u011fitmek olan bilim merkezlerinin say\u0131s\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlendi. 2008\u2019de be\u015fincisi d\u00fczenlenen D\u00fcnya Bilim Merkezleri Kongresi verilerine g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya genelinde 2500\u2019den fazla bilim merkezi bulunmakta ve y\u0131ll\u0131k ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131lar\u0131 toplamda 290 milyonu ge\u00e7mektedir (Kanada Bilim Merkezi Kurumu [CASC], 2008). Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde y\u00fczlerce bilim merkezi bulunurken, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k&#8217;ta 33, \u0130skandinavya\u2019da 31, \u0130spanya\u2019da 12, Hollanda\u2019da 10, Fransa\u2019da 6 tane bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d (Persson, 1996,\u00a0 p.55). Persson (2015) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyada 3000 bilim merkezi oldu\u011funu ve y\u0131lda 300 milyondan fazla ziyaret\u00e7i \u00e7ektiklerini tahmin etmektedir. \u00dclkemizde ise giderek say\u0131lar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bilim Merkezleri Platformu\u2019na \u00fcye olan Ankara\u2019da 3, \u0130stanbul\u2019da 6, Bursa, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Eski\u015fehir, Gaziantep, \u0130zmir, Kayseri, Kocaeli, Konya ve Mu\u011fla\u2019da bir olmak \u00fczere 11 ilde toplam 18 bilim merkezi aktif faaliyetine devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Bilim merkezlerine y\u00f6nelik uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yay\u0131mlayan baz\u0131 dergiler:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>International Journal of Science Education, Part B: Communication and Public Engagement<\/li>\n<li>Visitor Studies<\/li>\n<li>Journal of Science Communication<\/li>\n<li>Journal of Research in Science Teaching<\/li>\n<li>ASTC | Association of Science-Technology Centers, Dimension<\/li>\n<li>Ecsite | The European Network of Science Centres and Museums, Spokes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">[ASTC] The Association of Science-Technology Centres. (n.d.). <em>About science centre.<\/em> Retrieved from The Association of Science-Technology Centres: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.astc.org\/sciencecenters\/index.htm\">http:\/\/www.astc.org\/sciencecenters\/index.htm<\/a> Son eri\u015fim tarihi: 28 Mart 2014<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Botelho, A., &amp; Ana, M. M. (2006). Students-exhibits interaction at a science centre. <em>Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43<\/em>(10), 987-1018.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Bradburne, J. M. (1998). Dinosaurs and white elephants: The hands-on science center in the twenty-first century. <em>Public Understanding of Science, 7<\/em>(3), 237-253.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">[ECSITE] European Network of Science Centres and Museums. (2008). <em>The impact of Science &amp; Discovery Centres: A review of worldwide studies.<\/em> Retrieved July 13, 2009, from European Network of Science Centres and Museums (EXCITE): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecsite-uk.net\/reports\/downloads\/impact-of-science-discovery-centres-review-of-worldwide-studies.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ecsite-uk.net\/reports\/downloads\/impact-of-science-discovery-centres-review-of-worldwide-studies.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Lucas, A. M. (1983). Scientific literacy and informal learning. <em>Studies in Science Education, 10<\/em>(1), 1- 36.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Pearce, S. (1996). <em>Exploring science in museums<\/em>. London: Athlone Press.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Pompea, S., &amp; Hawkins, I. (2002). Increasing science literacy in optics and photonics trough science centres, museums, and web-based exhibits. <em>Seventh International Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics<\/em> (pp. 554-560). OSA and SPIE.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Rennie, L. J., &amp; McClafferty, T. P. (1995). Using visits to Interactive Science and Technology Centres, Museums, Aquaria, and Zoos to promote learning in science. <em>Journal of Science Teacher Education, 6<\/em>(4), 175\u2013185.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Semper, R. (2007). Science centers at 40: Middle-aged maturity or mid-life crisis. <em>Curator, 50<\/em>(1), 147-150.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Walton, R. (2000). Heidegger in the hands-on science and technology center: Philosophical reflections on learning in informal settings. <em>Journal of Technology Education, 12<\/em>(1), 49-60.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 672 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berlin\u2019de kurulan Urania ile ba\u015flayan bilim m\u00fczeleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece nesnelerin sergilenmesini i\u00e7eriyordu. Zamanla sergilerin yenilenmesi ve yeni sergilerin daha etkile\u015fimli hale gelmesi onlar\u0131n bilim merkezi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131 (Reid, 1997; Swift, 1997 aktar\u0131m, Botelho ve Ana, 2006). Pearce (1996) ve Semper (1997) bilim merkezleri ve bilim m\u00fczelerinin birbirlerinden sergilenen deneylerin etkile\u015fim [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1394,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-164","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1394"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/esenturk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}