{"id":781,"date":"2021-09-08T20:18:01","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T20:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/?page_id=781"},"modified":"2021-10-05T22:22:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T22:22:15","slug":"2-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch2\/2-5\/","title":{"rendered":"2-5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-gb781-69d7dade51d66\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-gb781-69d7dade51d66-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-gb781-69d7dade51d66-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-gb781-69d7dade51d66-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child widgetopts-SO\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h1><b>2.5<\/b> Mekanizmalar\u0131n ve Kinematik Zincirlerin En\u00fcmerasyonu<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cc0000\">&#8220;En\u00fcmerasyon&#8221;<\/span> listeleme veya sayma olarak dilimize \u00e7evrilebilir. Kinematik a\u00e7\u0131dan en\u00fcmerasyon \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f kriterleri sa\u011flayan kinematik zincirlerin veya mekanizmalar\u0131n belirlenmesidir. Mekanizmalar\u0131n en\u00fcmerasyonu i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli matematiksel y\u00f6ntemler bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00e7izge kuram\u0131 gibi). Burada sadece basit en\u00fcmerasyon problemleri g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-783\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"782\" height=\"182\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En\u00fcmerasyona bir \u00f6rnek olarak Gr\u00fcbler denklemini sa\u011flayan (yani, bir serbestlik dereceli, d\u00fczlemsel, kayar veya d\u00f6ner mafsallara sahip mekanizmalar) ve en az uzva sahip mekanizmalar\u0131n listelenmesini ele alal\u0131m. Minimum uzuv say\u0131s\u0131 4 olmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki elemanl\u0131 uzuv say\u0131s\u0131 en az d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr. Mafsal tipi g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilir ise 4 uzvun d\u00f6rt mafsal ile tek bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr Her bir mafsal\u0131n d\u00f6ner veya kayar olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr ise, 4 de\u011fi\u015fik zincir olu\u015fturulabilecektir (\u015eekil b, c, d ve e). Kinematik zincirde \u00fc\u00e7 veya d\u00f6rt kayar mafsal bulunamaz (neden?). Bu d\u00f6rt zincir elde edildikten sonra, de\u011fi\u015fik uzuvlar\u0131 sabitleyerek de\u011fi\u015fik mekanizmalar elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6rt uzuvlu mekanizmalardan sonra Gr\u00fcbler denklemini sa\u011flayan mekanizmalarda 6 uzuv olabilir (5 uzuv olamaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Gr\u00fcbler denklemini sa\u011flayan mekanizmalarda uzuv say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ift olmal\u0131d\u0131r). Bu durumda mafsal say\u0131s\u0131, j, 7 olmas\u0131 gerekir. Gr\u00fcbler denklemi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re uzuvlardan 4\u00fc iki elemanl\u0131, 2 si ise \u00fc\u00e7 elemanl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r (2j = 2<em>l<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3<em>l<\/em><sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0ve j = 7 i\u00e7in <em>l<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0= 4, <em>l<\/em><sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0= 2 bu denklemin tek tamsay\u0131l\u0131 ve pozitif de\u011ferli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr). Bu uzuvlar yedi mafsal ile (mafsal tipi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmadan) \u015eekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, iki de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilde bir araya getirilebilir.\u00a0<span style=\"color: cc0000\"><strong>&#8220;Watt Zinciri&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan birinci zincirde iki \u00fc\u00e7 kinematik elemanl\u0131 uzuv birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 iken<span style=\"color: cc0000\"><strong> &#8220;Steffenson Zinciri&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ikinci zincirde ise \u00fc\u00e7 kinematik elemanl\u0131 uzuvlar birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir (tarihsel olarak Bu iki zinciri ilk bulan ki\u015filer, Watt ve Steffenson, ayn\u0131 zamanda end\u00fcstriyel devrimi ba\u015flatan buharl\u0131 makinelerin ka\u015fifleridirler). Kinematik zincirler i\u00e7in belirtilmi\u015f olan kurallara uyarak mafsallar kayar veya d\u00f6ner olabilir ve de\u011fi\u015fik uzuvlar sabitlendi\u011finde \u00e7ok say\u0131da mekanizma elde edilir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-784 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"479\" height=\"167\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Watt ve Steffenson zincirlerinde bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 kinematik elemanl\u0131 uzvun birinde veya her ikisinde iki mafsal aras\u0131nda kalan uzuv boyutu s\u0131f\u0131r al\u0131n\u0131r ise, zincirde bir veya iki mafsal\u0131n derecesi iki olur. Bu zincirler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu zincirlere Watt ve Steffenson zincirlerinin \u00f6zel boyutlu durumlar\u0131 diyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-785 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"203\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mafsallar\u0131n kayar ve d\u00f6ner olmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fik uzuvlar\u0131n sabitlenmesi ile \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik alt\u0131 uzuvlu mekanizmalar elde edilebilecektir. Ancak bu mekanizmalar elde edilirken kayar ve d\u00f6ner mafsallardan olu\u015fan kinematik zincirler i\u00e7in belirtilmi\u015f olan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir basit \u00f6rnek olarak bir piston silindir ile tahrik edilen 6 uzuvlu mekanizmalar\u0131 belirleyelim. Bu mekanizmalarda piston mutlaka sabit uzva bir d\u00f6ner mafsalla ba\u011fl\u0131 olsun ve ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm di\u011fer uzuvlar birbirlerine d\u00f6ner mafsallarla birle\u015ftirilsin.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-786 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image4.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Piston silindir gurubu her biri iki elemanl\u0131 iki uzvun birbirlerine kayar mafsalla birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u015fekli olarak ele al\u0131nabilir. Bu durumda piston-silindir gurubu gerek Watt ve gerek Steffenson zincirlerinde birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki elemanl\u0131 iki uzvun yerini alacakt\u0131r. Steffenson zincirinde bu grubun yerle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi yer tektir. Watt zincirinde ise iki de\u011fi\u015fik yere yerle\u015ftirilebilir ise de, mekanizma simetrik oldu\u011fundan fark etmeyecektir. Pistonun sabit uzva bir d\u00f6ner mafsalla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden her iki zincirde de \u00fc\u00e7 elemanl\u0131 uzuvlardan birisi sabit olacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 yukar\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-787 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image5.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"539\" height=\"238\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 elemanl\u0131 uzuvlardan birisinin veya her ikisinin mafsallar aras\u0131nda uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra indirilmesi durumunda yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen mekanizmalar elde edilecektir (mekanizma uzuv boyutlar\u0131 uygulamaya g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekiller alacakt\u0131r). Pratikte kamyon damperleri, beton pompalar\u0131n\u0131n bomlar\u0131, y\u00fckleyiciler, kep\u00e7eler elde edilen bu mekanizmalar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki \u00f6rnek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><div class=\"su-image-carousel  su-image-carousel-has-spacing su-image-carousel-has-lightbox su-image-carousel-has-outline su-image-carousel-adaptive su-image-carousel-slides-style-default su-image-carousel-controls-style-dark su-image-carousel-align-center\" style=\"max-width:256px\" data-flickity-options='{\"groupCells\":true,\"cellSelector\":\".su-image-carousel-item\",\"adaptiveHeight\":true,\"cellAlign\":\"left\",\"prevNextButtons\":true,\"pageDots\":false,\"autoPlay\":false,\"imagesLoaded\":true,\"contain\":false,\"selectedAttraction\":1,\"friction\":1}' id=\"su_image_carousel_69d7dade537c6\"><div class=\"su-image-carousel-item\"><div class=\"su-image-carousel-item-content\"><a 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su_image_carousel_69d7dade540a8_script=document.getElementById(\"su_image_carousel_69d7dade540a8_script\");if(su_image_carousel_69d7dade540a8_script){su_image_carousel_69d7dade540a8_script.parentNode.removeChild(su_image_carousel_69d7dade540a8_script);}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch2\/2-4\/\" data-type=\"page\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-16\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/back_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch2\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"52\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-17\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/contents_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"47\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-18\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/home_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch2\/2-6\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"92\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-20\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/next_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"119\" height=\"40\" class=\"wp-image-15\" style=\"width: 119px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/ceres.gif\" alt=\"\" \/>      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2.5 Mekanizmalar\u0131n ve Kinematik Zincirlerin En\u00fcmerasyonu &#8220;En\u00fcmerasyon&#8221; listeleme veya sayma olarak dilimize \u00e7evrilebilir. Kinematik a\u00e7\u0131dan en\u00fcmerasyon \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f kriterleri sa\u011flayan kinematik zincirlerin veya mekanizmalar\u0131n belirlenmesidir. Mekanizmalar\u0131n en\u00fcmerasyonu i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli matematiksel y\u00f6ntemler bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00e7izge kuram\u0131 gibi). Burada sadece basit en\u00fcmerasyon problemleri &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch2\/2-5\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">2-5<\/span> Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7747,"featured_media":0,"parent":304,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-781","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7747"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=781"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/781\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}