{"id":1474,"date":"2021-09-11T11:50:35","date_gmt":"2021-09-11T11:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/?page_id=1474"},"modified":"2021-10-05T22:34:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T22:34:21","slug":"ek1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ek1\/","title":{"rendered":"ek1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-gb1474-69d7910b78a1c\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-gb1474-69d7910b78a1c-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-gb1474-69d7910b78a1c-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-gb1474-69d7910b78a1c-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child widgetopts-SO\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3 style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 300%\">Ek-1\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<h1><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Karma\u015f\u0131k Say\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1476\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image1-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"330\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Reel (ger\u00e7el) say\u0131lar hayatta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, uzunluk gibi de\u011ferlerin miktar\u0131n\u0131 veya boyutunu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Adet belirten durumlarda reel say\u0131lar\u0131n tam say\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletlerinde, g\u00f6sterdikleri miktara g\u00f6re bu say\u0131 bir kadranda g\u00f6sterilir. Kadran, bir do\u011fru veya bir daire yay\u0131 \u00fczerinde belirli bir uzunlu\u011fun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011ferinin belirli bir de\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 gelecek \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir benze\u015ftirme \u015feklidir. \u00d6yle ise, bir reel say\u0131 0 noktas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olan bir do\u011fru \u00fczerinde noktalar olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. a ve b gibi iki say\u0131y\u0131 toplamam\u0131z gerekiyor ise, 0 noktas\u0131ndan a noktas\u0131 uzunlu\u011funu i\u015faretler ve bu noktadan ba\u015flayarak b uzunlu\u011funu yerle\u015ftiririz. Bu bize c = a + b de\u011ferini verecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Genelde 0 noktas\u0131ndan sa\u011fa do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011fer pozitif reel say\u0131 i\u00e7indir. Bu durumda negatif reel say\u0131lar ayn\u0131 do\u011fru \u00fczerinde 0 noktas\u0131ndan sola do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek ve pozitif say\u0131dan (\u22121) oparat\u00f6r\u00fc ile elde edilecektir. OA ve OA&#8217; uzunluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti e\u015fit olup birbirlerine g\u00f6re 180\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131rlar. Yani a gibi bir pozitif say\u0131y\u0131 ele al\u0131r, bu say\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steren OA do\u011frusunu O etraf\u0131nda 180\u00b0 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr isek, OA&#8217; noktas\u0131na yani \u2212a ya var\u0131r\u0131z. (\u22121) oparat\u00f6r\u00fcne bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir reel say\u0131ya (-1) oparat\u00f6r\u00fc etki etti\u011finde, say\u0131n\u0131n geometrik g\u00f6sterimi olan OA do\u011frusu O etraf\u0131nda 180\u00b0\u00a0d\u00f6necektir. E\u011fer (\u22121) oparat\u00f6r\u00fc bir say\u0131ya arka arkaya iki defa etki eder ise, OA de\u011fi\u015fmez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 180\u00b0 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme iki defa \u00fcst \u00fcste yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan OA 360\u00b0\u00a0d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve ayn\u0131 noktaya gelmi\u015ftir ((\u22121) \u00d7 (\u22121) = 1).<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi yeni bir oparat\u00f6r yaratal\u0131m ve buna i diyelim. Bu operat\u00f6r bir say\u0131ya etki etti\u011finde say\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steren do\u011fru par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 (\u22121) gibi 180\u00b0 de\u011fil, 90\u00b0 saat yelkovan\u0131na g\u00f6re ters y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nd\u00fcrs\u00fcn. E\u011fer bu oparat\u00f6r bir say\u0131ya iki defa etki eder ise say\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steren do\u011fru 180\u00b0 (SYT) d\u00f6necektir. (\u22121) operat\u00f6r\u00fc tan\u0131m\u0131m\u0131za ters d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in i\u00b7i = i<sup>2<\/sup> = \u22121 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda\u00a0<i>i<\/i> = <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\sqrt{{-1}} <\/span> olmas\u0131 gerekir. i ile i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir say\u0131 <b>sanal say\u0131<\/b>\u00a0olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1477\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image2-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"545\" height=\"360\" \/><\/p>\n<p>a ve b gibi iki reel say\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. E\u011fer b \u00fczerine 90\u00b0 (SYT) d\u00f6nme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in i\u00a0operat\u00f6r\u00fc etki eder ise, ib elde edilir ve yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, ib, OB&#8217; do\u011frusudur ve OB uzunlu\u011funda olup OB ye g\u00f6re 90\u00b0 saat yelkovan\u0131na ters y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u015eimdi <strong>c<\/strong> = a + i b toplam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alal\u0131m. Bu g\u00f6sterim bize a y\u0131 g\u00f6steren uzunluk ile b yi g\u00f6steren uzunluklar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne almam\u0131z\u0131, a uzunlu\u011funa b uzunlu\u011funu 90\u00b0 (SYT) d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra eklememizi s\u00f6ylemektedir. Geometrik olarak bu de\u011fer bize d\u00fczlemde bir P noktas\u0131n\u0131n konumunu, 0 noktas\u0131na ve tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z reel eksen do\u011frusuna g\u00f6re belirleyecektir.\u00a0<strong>c karma\u015f\u0131k<\/strong> (kompleks) say\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. <strong>c<\/strong> (a, b) \u015feklinde s\u0131ral\u0131 bir \u00e7ift say\u0131d\u0131r ve geometrik olarak d\u00fczlemde her hangi bir noktay\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n reel k\u0131sm\u0131 a, sanal k\u0131sm\u0131 ise b dir. Olu\u015fan d\u00fczleme Gauss-Argand, Cauchy d\u00fczlemi veya <strong>karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 d\u00fczlemi<\/strong> denir. \u00d6yle ise bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczlemde bir noktan\u0131n konumunu bir konum vekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi g\u00f6sterebilir. Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 vekt\u00f6r de\u011fildir (vekt\u00f6r operasyonlar\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fildir), ancak d\u00fczlemde konum vekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131klar getirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n mutlak de\u011feri, r, O merkezinden karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu P noktas\u0131na uzakl\u0131kt\u0131r (OP) ve r = |OP| = <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\sqrt{{{{\\text{a}}^{2}}+{{\\text{b}}^{2}}}} <\/span>\u00a0dir. Karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczlemde bu, say\u0131n\u0131n <strong>mod\u00fcl<\/strong>\u00fcd\u00fcr. <strong>OP<\/strong> ile reel eksen aras\u0131nda kalan ve daima saat yelkovan\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcne ters \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen a\u00e7\u0131 ise (\u03b8), karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n <strong>arg\u00fcman<\/strong>\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131larla ilgili \u015fu \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 belirtebiliriz:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">a) \u0130ki karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n reel ve sanal k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 e\u015fit ise veya mod\u00fcl ve arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 ise birbirlerine e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">b) Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131lar vekt\u00f6rel toplama kural\u0131na uyarlar. \u0130ki karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 reel ve sanal k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 toplam\u0131 ile elde edilir. <strong>c<\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0 a<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0+ ib<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0ve\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0 a<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ ib<sub>2<\/sub> ise, toplam <strong>z<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>z<\/strong> = <strong>c<\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0+ <strong>c<\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0= (a<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0+ a<sub>2<\/sub>) + i(b<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0+ b<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">dir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1478\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image3-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">c) Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc temel cebir kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Burada tek fark i<sup>2<\/sup> = \u22121 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131y\u0131 <strong>c<\/strong> = a + i b \u015feklinde g\u00f6stermek <strong>Kartezyen g\u00f6sterim<\/strong>dir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1479 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image4-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"378\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">\u015eekilden:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">a = r cos\u03b8, b = r sin\u03b8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>c<\/strong> = r(cos\u03b8 + i sin\u03b8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">veya\u00a0 <strong>Euler denklemi:\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>e<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup> = cos\u03b8 + i sin\u03b8<b> \u00a0<\/b>kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, <strong>c<\/strong> karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>c<\/strong> = re<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">olarak yaz\u0131labilir. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131m karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n <strong>\u00fcstel<\/strong> ya da <strong>kutupsal<\/strong> ya da <strong>polar g\u00f6sterimi<\/strong>dir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">E\u011fer bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n mod\u00fcl\u00fc 1 birim ise (r = 1):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>u<\/strong> = e<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">d\u0131r. Bu birim vekt\u00f6r pozitif reel eksen ile SYT y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u03b8 kadar bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\"><strong>c<\/strong>\u00a0= <strong>OP<\/strong> = r e<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup> karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir reel say\u0131 (k) ile \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>c<\/strong>\u2032 = <strong>OP<\/strong>\u2032\u00a0= k<strong>c<\/strong> = kre<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">bu \u00e7arp\u0131m sonucu elde etti\u011fimiz\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong>\u2032 karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131nda arg\u00fcman <strong>c<\/strong> karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 olup mod\u00fcl kr olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6yle ise OP uzunlu\u011fu bu reel say\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan \u00e7arp\u0131mda &#8220;uzam\u0131\u015f&#8221; (veya k\u0131salm\u0131\u015f) t\u0131r (alttaki \u015fekil). Bir reel say\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131m <b>uzatma operasyonu<\/b> olarak tan\u0131mlanacakt\u0131r. Bu operasyon ile bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti (mod\u00fcl\u00fc, boyutu) y\u00f6n\u00fc ayn\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131 ile art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p eksiltilebilir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1480 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image5-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">E\u011fer\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong> = re<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup> karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 birim vekt\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6steren bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131, <b>u<\/b> = e<sup>i\u03d5<\/sup>\u00a0ile \u00e7arpar isek:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\"><strong>c<\/strong>\u2033 = <strong>OP<\/strong>\u2033 =\u00a0<strong>u<\/strong>\u00b7<strong>c<\/strong> = e<sup>i\u03d5<\/sup>\u00b7re<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">d\u0131r. Temel cebir kurallar\u0131n\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda (ayn\u0131 tabanl\u0131 iki say\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcstler toplan\u0131r):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\"><strong>c<\/strong>\u2033 = re<sup>i(\u03b8 + \u03d5)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">olacakt\u0131r. \u015eimdi ise,\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong> vekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fiddeti ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ise \u03b8 iken bu \u00e7arp\u0131m ile \u03b8 + \u03d5 olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015f ile OP vekt\u00f6r\u00fc O merkezinden SYT y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u03d5 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kadar d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (\u00fcstteki \u015fekil). Bu durumda, e<sup>i\u03d5<\/sup> ile \u00e7arp\u0131m bir\u00a0<strong>d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme operasyonu<\/strong>dur ve e<sup>i\u03d5<\/sup> bir\u00a0<strong>d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme operat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>d\u00fcr. Dikkat edilir ise e<sup>i\u03c0\/2<\/sup> = i\u00a0 \u00a0ve\u00a0 e<sup>i\u03c0<\/sup> = e<sup>i(\u03c0\/2 + \u03c0\/2)<\/sup> = e<sup>i\u03c0\/2<\/sup>\u00b7e<sup>i\u03c0\/2<\/sup> = i\u00b7i = \u22121\u00a0 dir ve bu birim vekt\u00f6rler karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vekt\u00f6r\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131 ile 90\u00b0 ve 180\u00b0 SYT y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yani e<sup>i\u03d5<\/sup> d\u00f6nme operat\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz i ve \u22121 operat\u00f6rlerini de i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fleni\u011finde reel ve sanal k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ancak karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fleni\u011fin sanal k\u0131sm\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131 ile ters i\u015faretlidir. Yani <strong>c<\/strong> = a + ib ise,bu karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fleni\u011fi <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\mathbf{\\bar{c}} <\/span> = a \u2212 ib dir veya polar g\u00f6sterimde <strong>c<\/strong> = re<sup>i\u03b8<\/sup> ise, karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015flenik <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\mathbf{\\bar{c}} <\/span> = re<sup>\u2212i\u03b8<\/sup> olur (alttaki \u015fekil).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1481\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/09\/image6-2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"507\" height=\"413\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Bir karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fleni\u011fi reel eksene g\u00f6re karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n ayna g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015flenik kullan\u0131larak:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\">r<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0=\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\mathbf{\\bar{c}} <\/span> = (a + ib)(a \u2212 ib) = a<sup>2<\/sup> + b<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n reel k\u0131sm\u0131:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\">Re(<strong>c<\/strong>) = (<strong>c<\/strong> + <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\mathbf{\\bar{c}} <\/span>)\/2 = (a + ib + a \u2212 ib)\/2 = a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131n\u0131n sanal k\u0131sm\u0131:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\">Im(<strong>c<\/strong>) = (<strong>c<\/strong> \u2212 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\mathbf{\\bar{c}} <\/span>)\/(2i) = (a + ib \u2212 a + ib)\/(2i) = b<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>c<\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0 a<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0+ ib<sub>1<\/sub> = r<sub>1<\/sub>e<sup>i\u03b8<sub>1<\/sub><\/sup> ve <strong>c<\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0= a<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ ib<sub>2<\/sub> = r<sub>2<\/sub>e<sup>i\u03b8<sub>2<\/sub><\/sup> ise karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleri ile b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\frac{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{2}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{a}}_{1}}+\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}+\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}} <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">Bu terimi sadele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in pay ve payday\u0131, pay\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fleni\u011fi ile \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\frac{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{2}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{a}}_{1}}+\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}+\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}}\\cdot \\frac{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}-\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}}{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}-\\text{i}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{a}}_{1}}{{\\text{a}}_{2}}+{{\\text{b}}_{1}}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}}{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}^{2}+{{\\text{b}}_{2}}^{2}}}+\\text{i}\\frac{{{{\\text{b}}_{2}}{\\text{b}_{1}}-{{\\text{a}}_{1}}{{\\text{b}}_{2}}}}{{{{\\text{a}}_{2}}^{2}+{{\\text{a}}_{2}}^{2}}} <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">olur. \u00dcstel g\u00f6sterim kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lme i\u015flemi \u00e7ok daha basit bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;text-align: center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\displaystyle \\frac{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\mathbf{c}}_{2}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{r}}_{1}}{{\\text{a}}^{{\\text{i}{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{1}}}}}}}{{{\\text{r}_{2}}{{\\text{e}}^{{\\text{i}{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{2}}}}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{r}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\text{r}}_{2}}}}{{\\text{e}}^{{\\text{i}{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{1}}}}}{{\\text{e}}^{{-\\text{i}{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{2}}}}}=\\frac{{{{\\text{r}}_{1}}}}{{{{\\text{r}}_{2}}}}{{\\text{e}}^{{\\text{i}\\left( {{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{1}}-{{\\text{\u03b8}}_{2}}} \\right)}}} <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>  <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch3\/3-1\/\" data-type=\"page\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-16\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/back_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ch3\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"52\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-17\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/contents_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"47\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"38\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-18\" style=\"width: 38px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/home_button.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"119\" height=\"40\" class=\"wp-image-15\" style=\"width: 119px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/files\/2021\/04\/ceres.gif\" alt=\"\" \/>       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ek-1\u00a0 \u00a0 Karma\u015f\u0131k Say\u0131lar Reel (ger\u00e7el) say\u0131lar hayatta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, uzunluk gibi de\u011ferlerin miktar\u0131n\u0131 veya boyutunu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Adet belirten durumlarda reel say\u0131lar\u0131n tam say\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm aletlerinde, g\u00f6sterdikleri miktara g\u00f6re bu say\u0131 bir kadranda g\u00f6sterilir. Kadran, bir do\u011fru &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/mekanizma-teknigi\/ek1\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ek1<\/span> Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7747,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1474","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7747"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1474"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1474\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/eresmech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}