For an English version of the current article, please watch the video at\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/u\/3\/my-drive<\/p>\n
F\u0130Z\u0130K -1-<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7erik: Biraz felsefe, biraz matematik ve illaki tarih<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan akl\u0131na, zek\u00e2s\u0131na, anla\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f en \u00e7etrefilli fitnelerdendir Albert Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u201cEvrenin en anla\u015f\u0131lmaz \u00f6zelli\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fidir.\u201d mealindeki s\u00f6z\u00fc. (*)<\/p>\n
Dikkate de\u011fer; burada Einstein \u201cYa hep ya hi\u00e7!\u201dcidir. Yani, \u201cEvrenin ya her \u00f6zelli\u011fini, unsurunu, i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve tam olarak anlar\u0131z ya da hi\u00e7, asl\u2019a ve kat\u2019a anlamay\u0131z!\u201d tad\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha yal\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle; \u201cEvren ya tam\u0131 tam\u0131na anla\u015f\u0131labilirdir ya da hi\u00e7 anla\u015f\u0131lamazd\u0131r.\u201d Einstein\u2019a g\u00f6re. Daha da yal\u0131n\u0131; \u201cEvren anla\u015f\u0131labilir de\u011filse, amenna! Ama, anla\u015f\u0131labilirse de tam ve tekmil olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir.\u201d \u00d6yle \u201c\u015euras\u0131 falan kadar, buras\u0131 filan kadar anla\u015f\u0131labilir; oras\u0131 ise, hi\u00e7 anla\u015f\u0131lamaz.\u201d demek ve hatta \u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Yine de, sanki bir noktada bir \u00e7eli\u015fki varm\u0131\u015f gibidir. \u201cEvrenin anla\u015f\u0131labilir olu\u015fu, anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6zellik ise, evren k\u00fclliyen anla\u015f\u0131labilir de\u011fildir, demek ki.\u201d gibi gelmi\u015f olabilir okuyucuya.<\/p>\n
Ne var ki, o noktadan ge\u00e7en bir ayr\u0131m \u00e7izgisini g\u00f6rmek gerekir. Evren ve Einstein iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131z ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z varl\u0131k gibidir. Einstein sanki evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f da evreni, evren d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00f6zleyip anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f gibidir, pek \u00e7ok insan gibi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, uzay\u0131 yukar\u0131larda, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilecek bir yerlerde ve ama mutlaka d\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda sanan pek \u00e7oklar\u0131m\u0131z gibi\u2026<\/p>\n
\u015euras\u0131 kesindir; evren k\u00fclliyen anla\u015f\u0131lamaz de\u011fildir. Anla\u015f\u0131lamaz olsayd\u0131, evrende ne i\u00e7ecek su bulabilir ne de yiyecek g\u0131da bulabilir veya \u00fcretebilirdik, en az\u0131ndan. Biz de var olamazd\u0131k. Beslenip \u00fcremeyi vir\u00fcsten dinozora dek her canl\u0131 kotarabildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, k\u0131smen de olsa evren her canl\u0131 i\u00e7in (\u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen canl\u0131\u201d deyi\u015fi bilerek kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her canl\u0131, tan\u0131m gere\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr) evren (hi\u00e7 de\u011filse k\u0131smen) anla\u015f\u0131labilirdir.<\/p>\n
Gelgelelim, bu anla\u015f\u0131labilirlik miktar\u0131 bir canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden di\u011ferine de\u011fi\u015fiyor olabilir mi? Diyece\u011fim \u015fu ki, insan\u0131n anlayabildi\u011fi evren miktar\u0131 ile bir tavu\u011fun, bir solucan\u0131n ve bir bakterinin anlayabildi\u011fi evren miktar\u0131 birbiriyle k\u0131yaslanabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Ho\u015f, bir sonraki F\u0130Z\u0130K -2- \u201cB\u00f6l b\u00f6l, nereye dek?\u201d ve \u00a0iki sonraki F\u0130Z\u0130K -3- \u201c1, 2, 3, .., Sonsuz\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu konu daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 irdelenecek ama \u015fimdiden \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmakta beis olmasa gerek. Toprakta, deniz suyunda, deride, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklarda, asitli s\u0131cak su kaynaklar\u0131nda, radyoaktif at\u0131klarda b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilen ve tipik olarak bir gram toprakta 40 milyon tanesi, bir mililitre tatl\u0131 suda ise bir milyon tanesi; toplu olarak da D\u00fcnya\u2019da be\u015f nonilyon (5\u00d71030<\/sup>) kadar\u0131 bulunan tek h\u00fccreli bakteriler (**) evrenin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar anlayabiliyordur acaba?<\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, anla\u015f\u0131labilirlik, anlamay\u0131 kotaracak organ\u0131n yetisine do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Misal, biz insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc var ama bakterinin yok. Kula\u011f\u0131 da yok. Burnu ve dili de yok.<\/p>\n Tam da burada, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en yayg\u0131n san\u0131s\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r: D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n efendisi insan, canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7inde, en geli\u015fkin beyne sahip oland\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, insan beyni evren ile uyumludur ve onu anlar.<\/p>\n Bak\u0131n\u0131z, Bertolt Brecht\u2019in metnini pek \u00e7ok kez de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi Galilei\u2019nin Ya\u015fam\u0131 adl\u0131 tiyatro oyununda Kardinal Barberini \u015f\u00f6yle der Galilei\u2019ye; \u201c\u2014Size g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6kcisimleri yuvarlak ya da elips bi\u00e7iminde y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde belli bir h\u0131zla yol al\u0131yor, yani beyninizin \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fi basit hareketlerle. Peki, ya Tanr\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle y\u00fcr\u00fctmek istemi\u015f olsayd\u0131. (parma\u011f\u0131yla havada \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k bir yol izler. H\u0131z\u0131 da s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.) Ne olurdu hesaplar\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d der ve \u015fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131r: \u201c\u2014E\u011fer tanr\u0131 evreni dedi\u011finiz gibi yaratsayd\u0131, beyinlerimizi de b\u00f6yle (Barberini\u2019nin \u00e7izdi\u011fi bi\u00e7ime benzeterek) yarat\u0131rd\u0131 ki, bu hareketleri kavrayabilelim. Ben insan akl\u0131na inan\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Barberini\u2019nin \u201c\u2014Bence yetersizdir ak\u0131l.\u201d deyi\u015fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131yor mudur, yans\u0131tm\u0131yor mudur?<\/p>\n Bakal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n \u0130bn\u00fc’l-Heysem\u2019den (965-1040) yani yakla\u015f\u0131k bin y\u0131ldan beri biliriz ki, g\u00f6z g\u00f6rme organ\u0131 de\u011fildir. G\u00f6z\u00fcn i\u015flevi, bir kameran\u0131nki ile t\u0131pat\u0131p ayn\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6rme edimini beyin kotar\u0131r. Bkz. (***) kayna\u011f\u0131ndaki \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Heysem\u2019in Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019l-Men\u00e2\u1e93\u0131r adl\u0131 eserinden iki sayfa (S\u00fcleymaniye Ktp., Ayasofya, nr. 2448, vr. 1b, 48a) alt ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tasviri.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, kulak da i\u015fitme organ\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131k\u0131rdak ve yumu\u015fak dokular sayesinde sesi toplay\u0131p elektrokimyasal sinyale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren, yani beynin bir ba\u015fka uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak, organik bir mikrofondur sadece. Keza dilimizdeki, burnumuzdaki ve tenimizdeki sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131 da, s\u0131ras\u0131yla, tat, konu ve temas alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elektrokimyasal sinyale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren yap\u0131lard\u0131r. G\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz en fazla bir iki kilometrelik mesafede i\u015fe yarar, kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir-iki y\u00fcz metrelik, burnumuz da bir-iki metrelik. Dilimizin i\u015flevi ancak temas halinde belirgindir, dokunma duyumuzun da kol bacak uzunlu\u011fumuz mertebesinde. B\u00f6ylesi duyular\u0131m\u0131z evreni anlamaya hele hele tam anlamaya yeterli midir?<\/p>\n Kim \u201cYeterli!\u201d diyebilir ki?!<\/p>\n Dahas\u0131; g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz her \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018g\u00f6remez\u2019, kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her sesi \u2018i\u015fitemez\u2019, burnumuz her kokuyu \u2018alamaz\u2019, dilimiz her tad\u0131 \u2018alamaz\u2019, cildimiz \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ok hafif nesneleri \u2018hissedemez\u2019, yani alg\u0131layamaz.<\/p>\n G\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz, diyelim ki, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ile mor renkler aras\u0131ndaki \u0131\u015f\u0131man\u0131n iki kat\u0131 geni\u015flikte bir alg\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olsa idi, evren iki kat daha m\u0131 iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilir olurdu acaba? Kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da 16 Hertz ile 20 bin Hertz aras\u0131ndaki ses aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131 geni\u015flikte bir alg\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olsa, evren iki kat daha m\u0131 iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilir olurdu acaba? Koku, tat ve dokunma duyular\u0131 da \u00f6yle\u2026<\/p>\n Peki ya be\u015fer kat geni\u015flese, onar, y\u00fczer, milyarar? Evrenin tam ve tekmil anla\u015f\u0131labilirlik e\u015fi\u011fi, varsa e\u011fer, duygular\u0131m\u0131z baz\u0131nda nedir acaba?<\/p>\n Yahut, \u015funu da merak edip sormal\u0131y\u0131z mutlaka! De\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrlerde alg\u0131lama yapabilen en az ka\u00e7 adet duyu organ\u0131m\u0131z olmal\u0131 ki, evren tam ve tekmilen anla\u015f\u0131labilir olsun biz faniler i\u00e7in? Veyahut tersen; mevcut alg\u0131 aral\u0131klar\u0131yla mevcut duyu organlar\u0131m\u0131z ve her birinin i\u00e7inden uzad\u0131\u011f\u0131 beynimiz yeterli midir evreni tam ve tekmilen anla\u015f\u0131labilir addetmek i\u00e7in?<\/p>\n (*)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/ncatlab.org\/nlab\/files\/Einstein-PhysikRealitate.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130lgili PDF i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen t\u0131klay\u0131n: F-1-<\/a><\/p>\n (*i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1612.01952<\/a><\/p>\n Why Our Universe is Comprehensible<\/p>\n James B. Hartle<\/a><\/p>\n Einstein wrote memorably that `The eternally incomprehensible thing about the world is its comprehensibility.’ This paper argues that the universe must be comprehensible at some level for information gathering and utilizing subsystems such as human observers to evolve and function.<\/p>\n 1] A. Einstein, Physik und Realitat, J. Franklin Institute, 221, 313-382 (1936) including an English translation by J. Picard. The phrase has been translated in various ways. Picards translation is The eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility . G. Holton [23] suggests version used here. But there is wide use of the version as `the most incomprehensible thing about the world is its comprehensibility.<\/p>\n (*ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2011.06672<\/a><\/p>\n Why is the universe comprehensible?<\/p>\n Ian T. Durham<\/a><\/p>\n Why is the universe comprehensible? How is it that we can come to know its regularities well-enough to exploit them for our own gain? In this essay I argue that the nature of our comprehension lies in the mutually agreed upon methodology we use to attain it and on the basic stability of the universe. But I also argue that the very act of comprehension itself places constraints on what we can comprehend by forcing us to establish a context for our knowledge. In this way the universe has managed to conspire to make itself objectively comprehensible to subjective observers.<\/p>\n (**)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bakteri<\/a>,<\/p>\n