Fizik \u20139 \/ b\u2013
\n\u0130\u00e7erik: Duran cisimlerin dalgas\u0131 olmaz. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da devinen nesnenin dalgas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Dalgal\u0131 evrene ho\u015f geldiniz!<\/p>\n
Ne oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fim ama miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ebildi\u011fim bir m k\u00fctlesine sahip nesnem, bir masa \u00fcst\u00fcnde duruyor olsun. Duruyordur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken yer\u00e7ekim kuvveti, masa atomlar\u0131n\u0131n elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n nesneminkileri itmesiyle dengelenmekte.
\nPeki, masa atomlar\u0131n\u0131n elektronlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdekleri ile nesneminkiler de etkile\u015fip, i\u011f bi\u00e7imine ni\u00e7in b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fcyorlar da acep, nesne ile masa b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmiyor, yeni bir b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik olu\u015fturmuyor?
\nB\u00f6ylesi durumlarda, baz\u0131 \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yap\u0131lardaki iki nesne birbirini \u00e7ekebilir de itebilir de. Bu olguya kohezyon diyoruz. (*)
\n\u015eimdilik kohezyonu bir yana koyup k\u00fctlesi m olan nesneme, tam\u0131 tam\u0131na mg kuvveti ama alttan yukar\u0131 do\u011fru uyguluyor olay\u0131m elimle. Bu durumda da k\u00fctlem dengede olacak yani devinmeyecektir.
\nArt\u0131k, ayn\u0131 kuvveti uygulayarak ama nesnemin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n onu yukar\u0131 kald\u0131ray\u0131m. Biraz kald\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, yani yerden y\u00fcksekli\u011fini h kadar art\u0131r\u0131p duray\u0131m.
\nBu durumda, uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kuvvet ye\u011finli\u011fi (\u2018amplitude\u2019) ve y\u00f6n\u00fc yukar\u0131 yani devinim do\u011frultusunda sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, benim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u0130\u015e(ben) \u015funa e\u015fit olacakt\u0131r; uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kuvvet \u00e7arp\u0131 yol!
\nHemen \u00fcst sat\u0131rdaki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ifadeyi matematik\u00e7ede terceme edecek olursam;
\n\u0130\u015e(ben) = (mg)h .>>> E\u015fitlik 1
\nAyn\u0131 s\u0131rada, Yer de yani D\u00fcnya da, daha a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zlerle D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekim alan\u0131 da i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe de \u0130\u015e(D\u00fcnya) dersem
\n\u0130\u015e(D\u00fcnya) = -(mg)h >>> E\u015fitlik 2
\nolacakt\u0131r. E\u015fitlik 2\u2019de eksi i\u015faretinin varl\u0131k nedeni, yer\u00e7ekimi ile devinim y\u00f6nlerinin z\u0131t olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nOrtal\u0131kta sadece iki kuvvet oldu\u011fu, ba\u015fka kuvvet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu iki kuvvetin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri toplayacak olursam s\u0131f\u0131r elde ederim.
\n\u0130\u015e(ben)+\u0130\u015e(D\u00fcnya) = mgh-mgh=0. >>> E\u015fitlik 3
\nToplam i\u015f s\u0131f\u0131r, h\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck her y\u00fckseklik i\u00e7in s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in nesne h\u0131zlanmaz. Ya da tersi, nesne h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmadan yukar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toplam enerji s\u0131f\u0131r olarak sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.
\nAma, benim uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kuvvet 2mg kadar olsayd\u0131, m k\u00fctleli nesnem, tepe d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015f 2mgh olurdu, toplam i\u015f de s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011fil mgh kadar olurdu ve bu da nesneme kinetik enerji (K) kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmamla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131rd\u0131;<\/p>\n
K = (2mgh)-(mgh)=mgh. >>> E\u015fitlik 4
\nNesnem, tepe d\u00fczeyinde v h\u0131z\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa
\nK = \u00bd mv^2 = mgh >>> E\u015fitlik 5
\nelde ederim; buradan da v h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n karek\u00f6k i\u00e7inde 2gh de\u011ferine e\u015fit oldu\u011funu tespit ederim.
\nKarek\u00f6k i\u00e7inde 2gh de\u011feri, fizik kitaplar\u0131nda \u2018zaman i\u00e7ermeyen (zamans\u0131z) h\u0131z form\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019 de veya h = v^2\/(2g) de\u011ferine \u2018zaman i\u00e7ermeyen (zamans\u0131z) yol form\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019 de denir.<\/p>\n
Gelgelelim, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7etrefilli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sona, i\u015fbu paragrafa saklam\u0131\u015f idim; E\u015fitlik 1\u2019deki \u0130\u015e(ben) veya E\u015fitlik 2\u2019deki \u0130\u015e(D\u00fcnya) de\u011ferinin eksilisine yani \u2013\u0130\u015e(D\u00fcnya)\u2019ya, m k\u00fctleli nesnemin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi h kadar yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 Potansiyel Enerji denir.
\nNesnem, o y\u00fckseklikte serbest kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani elimi alt\u0131ndan \u00e7ekti\u011fimde d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru h\u0131zlan\u0131r, Potansiyel Enerji ayn\u0131 anda Kinetik Enerji\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n bir de ayk\u0131r\u0131 sorusu var: tam olarak Potansiyel Enerji nedir?
\nYan\u0131t: Bilmiyorum. Ah, k\u00fctle nedir ve kuvvet (‘action at a distance\u2019) nedir bilebilseydim ke\u015fke! Ke\u015fke, \u015fimdiye dek bir bile_B\u0130LE_n olmu\u015f olsayd\u0131 da ben de \u00f6\u011fren_EB\u0130L_seydim!
\nAma b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Potansiyel Enerji\u2019yi ilm_i fizikte kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131m anlam\u0131na gelmez; DALGA MEKAN\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u2013 c \u2013\u2018de kullanaca\u011f\u0131m. Hem de aslanlar, kaplanlar gibi.<\/p>\n
(*) https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=kohezyon<\/strong>&sca_esv=93dba3a330e5cf9e&sxsrf=ADLYWIJ1BBwi-jIddMyEvetcWu5VJWUEHA:1731359782981&udm=2&source=iu&ictx=1&vet=1&fir=Rce-A1T9f5HRqM%252CImCbIBRpwuxuxM%252C_%253BKOLRUzsihFtHyM%252CtsN2E6rtuc7S8M%252C_%253B001QaVPhLmn_rM%252CNV-W8Dc5FRuAjM%252C_%253B1YZUy-dvZ9kA-M%252CVDDG_HYLMxjW3M%252C_%253BIA_E3Vu16_xVmM%252CqQwNqXt7Jon4VM%252C_&usg=AI4_-kQg7oAeEkH4cBphKJoOC2q2-tHmmg&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj17N7mmdWJAxVVTWwGHTI2DKQQ_h16BAg5EAE#vhid=KOLRUzsihFtHyM&vssid=mosaic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fizik \u20139 \/ b\u2013 \u0130\u00e7erik: Duran cisimlerin dalgas\u0131 olmaz. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da devinen nesnenin dalgas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Dalgal\u0131 evrene ho\u015f geldiniz! Ne oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fim ama miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ebildi\u011fim bir m k\u00fctlesine sahip nesnem, bir masa \u00fcst\u00fcnde duruyor olsun. Duruyordur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken yer\u00e7ekim kuvveti, masa atomlar\u0131n\u0131n elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n nesneminkileri itmesiyle dengelenmekte. Peki, masa atomlar\u0131n\u0131n elektronlar\u0131 ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}