Fizik \u20138 \/ b\u2013
\u0130\u00e7erik: Boyunuzun ne kadar oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7ersiniz?<\/p>\n
\u00d6n not: Nokta ve \u00e7izgi konular\u0131n\u0131 ileride detay\u0131yla irdeleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zel ve say\u0131sal konular\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda
Hani derler ya \u201cFizik (Bilim) Fesefe\u2019den \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Bu deyi\u015f bir bak\u0131mdan do\u011fru ba\u015fka bir bak\u0131mdan ise, tam olarak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Olgular aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurma sanat\u0131 (\u2018arts\u2019) olan Fizik (Bilim) ile, tam olarak kavramlar aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurma sanat\u0131 olan Felsefe aras\u0131ndaki benzerlik \u2013i\u015fbu c\u00fcmle i\u00e7inde de ima edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi\u2013 sadece bu ikisinin de ili\u015fkilendirme sanat\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Gelgelim, felsefe \u00f6zneldir, tekil filozof veya okul taraf\u0131ndan kurulur ve bu nedenlerle do\u011fruluk aranmaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Platon felsefesi ile Kant felsefesi (*) birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fik pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6ne sahip olsalar bile k\u0131ymetlerinden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yitirmezler. Dahas\u0131, Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein\u2019\u0131n (**) 1921\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus ile ablas\u0131n\u0131n ah\u015fap evinin yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki marangozluk katk\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra yaz\u0131p yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Philosophical Investigations kitaplar\u0131ndaki felsefeler aras\u0131nda bile taban tabana z\u0131tl\u0131k olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n B. Russell\u2019\u0131n da dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cFelsefede do\u011fruluk de\u011fil tutarl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r \u00f6nemli olan.\u201d ve bu nedenle Wittgenstein \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir filozoftur.
Minik not; yukar\u0131da filozof, felsefe kuran anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Felsefeci deyimi ise, felsefeyle ilgilenen herkesi kapsar.
Felsefenin, do\u011fruluk aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n tam ve salt olarak ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme sonucu sa\u011flanan \u00f6nermeler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde, zaman\u0131n be\u015feri konular d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki nesnel konular \u00fcst\u00fcnde ak\u0131l yoranlar yani \u2018do\u011fa felsefecileri\u2019 ki, bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc Newton\u2019dur, elbette ortak bir paydaya sahipti. Do\u011fa hakk\u0131nda, ak\u0131ldan, mant\u0131k da diyorlard\u0131, gayr\u0131 hi\u00e7bir dayana\u011f\u0131 olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6neriler ortaya koymaktayd\u0131lar. Her \u015feyin sudan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen de vard\u0131, yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen de. D\u00f6rt temel element oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen de vard\u0131, alt\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen de. Ama, Ar\u015fimet ile ilk \u00f6rnekleri sergilenen deneyselcilik Galileo ve Newton, sonra da Francis Bacon ile do\u011fa hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131nca saf akl\u0131n \u00f6nemi geriledi (*) ve bir bilgi disiplini olarak Felsefe ile Fizik aras\u0131nda hemen hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemli alaka kalmad\u0131.
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u2018felsefe\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla (g\u00f6rg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6zlemi, deneyi ve) dayana\u011f\u0131 olmayan \u00f6znel kuram anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
Felsefe ile Fizik aras\u0131ndaki en net ayr\u0131m ise, \u015fudur: Nicelik (\u2018quantity\u2019, miktar, say\u0131) Felsefe\u2019de bar\u0131nmazken Fizik (Bilim) i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz niteliktedir. Fizik (Bilim) tam olarak nicelik temeli \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fckselir.
A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, Fizik\u2019te nicelik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonucu elde edilir. Bu da demektir ki, her hangi bir bilgi disiplini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcme dayanm\u0131yorsa, asla bilim de\u011fildir. Ama, tabii ki, her \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bilgi disiplini de Bilimin dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile de Fizi\u011fin par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131lamaz. (***)<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda
Nesnelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7lara gerek oldu\u011funu hep biliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, enerji taneci\u011finin dalgaboyunu \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7ift yar\u0131k, momentumunu \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in de k\u00fctleye sahip tanecikle \u00f6rne\u011fin elektronla etkile\u015fme (\u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma) bilgileri kullan\u0131labilir. Bkz., MADDE DALGASIZ OLMAZ, https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/2024\/10\/25\/madde-dalgasiz-olmaz\/ G\u00fcncel bir \u00f6rnek olarak da, boyumuzu \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in cetvel veya terzi mezuras\u0131; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7inse, terazi veya bask\u00fcl kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u00f6l\u00e7er kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hepimiz biliyoruz. (****)
Gelgelelim, \u015fu ayr\u0131m fark edilmemi\u015f olabilir; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc bir kereliktir. Nesneyi, diyelim ki, tart\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne koyar ka\u00e7 gram \u00e7ekti\u011fini dijital penceresinde okuruz. Oysa, boy, uzunluk ve uzakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, hayli \u00e7etrefilli bir i\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, iki u\u00e7lu bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmd\u00fcr.
Diyelim ki, yatak odan\u0131z\u0131n taban\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa kenar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011funu \u00f6l\u00e7eceksiniz ve diyelim ki, bu ama\u00e7la s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131 kertikli bir \u015ferit metre kullanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Geldiniz o kenardan y\u00fckselen duvar\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fesine ve metrenizi a\u00e7t\u0131n\u0131z, a\u00e7t\u0131n\u0131z ve o kertikli ucu kar\u015f\u0131 duvara dayad\u0131n\u0131z.
G\u00fczel!
Bu, hemen \u00fcstteki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm do\u011fru bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmd\u00fcr.
Ama, ya \u015f\u00f6yle yapsayd\u0131n\u0131z? O k\u00f6\u015feden metrenizi a\u00e7t\u0131n\u0131z da a\u00e7t\u0131n\u0131z ve o kertikli ucu kar\u015f\u0131 duvara do\u011fru sald\u0131n\u0131z da sald\u0131n\u0131z. Diyelim ki, yirmi y\u0131l kadar sonra kar\u015f\u0131 ucu duvara dayad\u0131n\u0131z ve metrenin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011fere bakt\u0131n\u0131z. Ola ki, o arada oda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fclt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya hatta y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; kar\u015f\u0131 duvar bile yoktur art\u0131k.
\u0130\u015fte bu yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u0131srarla belirtti\u011fi gibi; boy, uzunluk ve uzakl\u0131k gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin e\u015fanl\u0131 (\u2018simultaneous\u2019) olma zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Yani, iki u\u00e7tan da ayn\u0131 anda gelen bilgi esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yoksa, \u00fcstteki duvar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm deneyiminde oldu\u011fu gibi, farkl\u0131 zamanlarda edinilmi\u015f u\u00e7 bilgisi yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
Havadaki u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n boyunu \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u00f6zenli ve dikkatli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u015flemi gerekmektedir.
\u00c7ok g\u00fczel! Uzunluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde e\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k ko\u015fulu hakk\u0131ndaki Einstein \u0130lkesi\u2019ni de \u00f6zne bezene yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f olduk heybemize.
B\u00f6ylece geldik bize g\u00f6re h\u0131zla devinen cisimlerin boyunun k\u0131sal\u0131p k\u0131salmayaca\u011f\u0131na.
\u00dcstteki son c\u00fcmlede \u2018g\u00f6re\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, daha \u00fcstte de Einstein ad\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fine g\u00f6re(!) konumuzun G\u00f6relilik veya G\u00f6recelik Kuram\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fini sanmak hatal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir zamanlar, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n yazan\u0131 da, ayn\u0131 hataya pek \u00e7ok kez d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu, i\u015fbu f\u0131rsattan yararlanarak itiraf eder.
Do\u011fru k\u00f6k s\u00f6zc\u00fck, \u2018g\u00f6re\u2019 de\u011fil \u2018ba\u011f\u0131l\u2019d\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131, \u2018ba\u011f\u0131l nem\u2019 deyi\u015finde oldu\u011fu gibi. Ayr\u0131ca, \u2018relativity\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6k\u00fc olan \u2018relative\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131\u2019na dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Einstein\u2019\u0131n (\u00d6zel) Ba\u011f\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131k Kuram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda
Bu kuram hayli kolay asl\u0131nda. Hani HIZLI G\u0130DEN NESNELER\u0130N BOYU GER\u00c7EKTEN KISALIR MI? \u2013 a \u2013 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da, herhangi bir noktan\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile bir noktasal par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n konumunu belirlemek i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fka noktaya gerek oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmi\u015f idik. Bkz., https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/2024\/10\/28\/hizli-giden-nesnelerin-boyu-gercekten-kisalir-mi-a\/<\/p>\n
Son not: Matemetikle cebelle\u015fmek istemeyenler, burada soluklan\u0131p HIZLI G\u0130DEN NESNELER\u0130N BOYU GER\u00c7EKTEN KISALIR MI? \u2013 c \u2013 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bekleyebilir.<\/p>\n
(*) https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/action\/doBasicSearch?Query=Kritik+der+reinen+Vernunft&so=rel<\/a> T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, \u201cAr\u0131 Usun (Saf Akl\u0131n) Ele\u015ftirisi\u201dni dinlemek i\u00e7in bkz., https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JdKe80CqaFk<\/a><\/p>\n (**) https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/action\/doBasicSearch?Query=Ludwig+Wittgenstein&so=rel<\/a><\/p>\n (***) \u00d6rne\u011fin terzilik bilim de\u011fildir. (\u015eaka, \u015faka!)<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2024\/11\/sari1.png\")
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