![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2024\/10\/F7-tablo.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nHer ne kadar, 1000 y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilimciler, bug\u00fcn Geometrik Optik diye bilinen her \u015feyi ke\u015ffetmi\u015f ve kitaplara nak\u2019\u015fetmi\u015flerdi. I. Newton da, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n top mermileri gibi d\u00fcmd\u00fcz giden par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu kitab\u0131nda (*) yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama, \u00f6zellikle Christiaan Huygens\u2019in ve Augustin-Jean Fresnel\u2019in deneyleri ve tezleri, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dalgal\u0131 \u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 (karakterini), do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 (naturas\u0131n\u0131) ku\u015fkusuz bir \u015fekilde insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilim da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. I\u015f\u0131k dalgalar\u0131 da uzayda, t\u0131pk\u0131 su dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n suda yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yay\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7ift yar\u0131ktan ge\u00e7erken, her dalgan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, giri\u015fim sa\u00e7aklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.
\n\u0130\u015fte bu ku\u015fkusuzlu\u011fu Einstein\u2019\u0131n p=E\/c denklemi epeyce sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Demek ki, madde ile etkile\u015fmez san\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k, momentuma sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle maddeyi apa\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde etkileyebiliyordu.
\nDahas\u0131, E=hf ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131larak, Einstein denklemi, d simgesi dalga boyunu temsil ederek, p=hf\/c=h\/d haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekteydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her dalga i\u00e7in, v dalga h\u0131z\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, d=v\/f idi.
\nEpey ilgin\u00e7, de\u011fil mi!? I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dalgaboyu ile momentumunun \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 sabit idi ve bu de\u011fer tam da Planck sabitine e\u015fitti.
\n\u015ea\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\nGel zaman git zaman bu konuda yaprak k\u0131m\u0131ldamad\u0131 adeta. Ta ki, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Broglie y\u00f6resi d\u00fck\u00fc olan Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond, p=h\/d e\u015fitli\u011fini, d=h\/p \u015feklinde yazana dek, 1924-1927 aras\u0131nda. Yaz\u0131nca ne mi oldu?
\nYer yerinden oynad\u0131 adeta ve kuvantum fizi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Oysa, ba\u015far\u0131lan iki simgenin yer de\u011fi\u015f_T\u0130R\u0130L_mesiydi aslnda; hani \u015fu baya\u011f\u0131 kesir i\u015flemlerindeki i\u00e7ler d\u0131\u015flar \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 konusu.
\nHer\u015fey bu denli yal\u0131nd\u0131; Einstein e\u015fitli\u011findeki p paydaya gitmi\u015f, yerine paydadaki dalga boyu simgesi gelmi\u015fti. Hepsi hepsi bu kadard\u0131 i\u015fte! Hani g\u00fczel T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019mizdeki \u015fu deyim bir kez daha do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 adeta: \u201cHa Ali Veli, ha Veli Ali!\u201d
\nL\u00e2kin, \u201cVeli\u2019nin kerrakesi\u201d pek de \u00f6yle de\u011fildi. Matematikle oynamak \u00e7ocuk i\u015fi de ger\u00e7ek neydi, nas\u0131ld\u0131 acaba? Hem ayn\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi Planck, Boltzmann, Einstein ve di\u011fer ulular ni\u00e7in ba\u015far_A_mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Ak\u0131l m\u0131 edememi\u015flerdi?
\nZinhar hay\u0131r! Mutlaka ak\u0131l etmi\u015flerdi ama bu tezi ileri s\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in ellerinde herhangi bir g\u00f6rg\u00fcl (\u2018empirical\u2019) olgu yoktu. De Broglie\u2019nin ise, a\u011fabeyi Maurice de Broglie\u2019nin (**) zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re hayli geli\u015fkin olan bir fizik laboratuvar\u0131 vard\u0131 ve burada birlikte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 R\u00f6ntgen\u2019in X-I\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Einstein\u2019\u0131n Fotoelektronlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcndeki deneysel ve kuramsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bilim dergilerinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 laboratuvarda \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fin elektronlar\u0131n \u00e7ift yar\u0131ktan ge\u00e7erken olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 giri\u015fim sa\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu sa\u00e7aklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan da elektronlar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak dalgaboylar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve sonu\u00e7ta m k\u00fctle ve v do\u011frusal h\u0131z simgesi olmak \u00fczere hep (h\/p)=h\/(mv) ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na uygun dalgaboyuna sahip olacak \u015fekilde davrand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 deneyle saptam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131lar.
\nYirmi y\u0131l kadarl\u0131k bir arayla da olsa, ard\u0131 ard\u0131na geliveren bunca b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015f, pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n da akl\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131verecekti elbette. \u00d6rne\u011fin, i\u015fbu yaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn internette varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan \u015fu s\u00f6z k\u00fclliyen yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cHareket eden bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa bir dalga e\u015flik eder hipotezi Louis de Broglie’ye aittir.\u201d https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_de_Broglie
\nYani, \u201cbir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa\u201d dalga e\u015flik etmez. Hareketli bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n bizatihi kendisi dalgad\u0131r da. Onun tanecik \u00f6zelliklerini yani k\u00fctle ve h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in, momentum al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin (etkile\u015fiminin) yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deney yapars\u0131n\u0131z. Yok e\u011fer, dalga \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6l\u00e7ek amac\u0131ndaysan\u0131z da, \u00e7ift yar\u0131k ve benzeri dalgaboyu, frekans ve benzeri dalga de\u011ferlerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karacak bir deney yapars\u0131n\u0131z.
\nKan de\u011ferlerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in t\u0131p merkezlerinde kan al\u0131n\u0131r, sindirim bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 saptamak i\u00e7in ise, ba\u015fka t\u00fcr tahliller yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nVeya daha yal\u0131n\u0131; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in tart\u0131 aletine, bask\u00fcle \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z; boyunuzu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in ise, \u00f6rne\u011fin terzi mezuras\u0131 kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Tersten; bask\u00fcl boyunuzu s\u00f6ylemez, mezura da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6ylemez.
\nAma, kim bilir, bakars\u0131n\u0131z h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin ko\u015farkenki dalgaboyunuzu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp bildiriverecek telefon uygulamalar\u0131 yak\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcverir.<\/p>\n
(*) Bkz., Principia.
\nOysa, Newton\u2019u \u00f6nceleyen Galileo denklemlerinde mermilerin parabolik y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler izledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\n(**) Paul Langevin’in \u00f6\u011frencisi olarak 1908’de Fizik Doktoras\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fizik \u2013 7 \u2013 \u0130\u00e7erik: Sizin dalgaboyunuz ne kadar? Tarihsel silsile i\u00e7inde, \u00f6nce Planck (ve Boltzmann (?)) \u0131\u015f\u0131k enerjisinin Planck sabiti (h) ve dalga frekans\u0131 (f) \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcp kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sonra Einstein geldi ve Fotoelektrik olgusunu a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011frusal momentumunun da (p) oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu tez, ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir kuramla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan Fotoelektrik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}