R. Descartes’in “D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; demek ki var\u0131m.” mealindeki s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131d\u0131r; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen varsa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen de olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (konusu, gramer anlam\u0131nda ‘nesne’si (*)) olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Yani, “Ne(yi) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun?” sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Demek ki, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcneni hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcleni anda\u015f olarak gerektirir. (**)<\/p>\n
“D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; demek ki var\u0131m. Ama benden ba\u015fka \u015fey(ler) de var.” (***)<\/p>\n
(*) Mal\u00fbm; gramer anlam\u0131ndaki c\u00fcmlenin bir \u00f6znesi bir de nesnesi olur, ima edilmi\u015f (“impliicit”) olsa da.<\/p>\n
(**) Fizi\u011fin F’si (\u00c7. Tuncay) Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum, demek ki var\u0131m!\u201d diyebilmek<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle, iki merce\u011fin arka arkaya konmas\u0131yla yap\u0131lan mikros
kop sayesinde 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana h\u0131zla geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan bi
yoloji biliminin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7eklerin belki de en \u00f6nemlisi,
d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7im ve d\u00fczeylerde hayvanlardan bitkilere,
insanlardan tek h\u00fccrelilere dek t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelliklerin
den biri oldu\u011fuydu. \u00d6yle ki, en ilkel canl\u0131lardan say\u0131lan, Holotric
hia (t\u00fcmkirpikliler) alts\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Hymenostomatida tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Para
macium cinsi olan tekh\u00fccreli terliksi hayvanlar\u0131n laboratuvarlar
da kolayca \u00fcretilebilen sekiz t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm\u00fc de, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131
suya b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir iki tuz par\u00e7as\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 gerek
ti\u011fini \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilmekte\u201dydi. Adlar\u0131n\u0131, pek benzedikleri bir ev e\u015f
yas\u0131ndan alan bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n tek h\u00fccreli olmas\u0131na bakarak, ortada
\u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u201dden \u00e7ok, \u00e7evredeki iyon dengesinin birden de\u011fi\u015fmesiy
le ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan uyar\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, otomatik olarak sergilenen yal\u0131n bir
mekanik tepkinin bulundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olur. Ger\u00e7i
evet, h\u00fccre zar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00e7eperindeki kirpiksi yap\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131lanma
s\u0131, \u00e7evredeki iyon yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r:
Sudaki tuz oran\u0131 art\u0131nca, bir miktar tuz h\u00fccre \u00e7eperlerinden i\u00e7eri
s\u0131zar. Bu da kirpiksi yap\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sistemi uyararak eyle
me ge\u00e7irir. Kirpiksi yap\u0131lar tetiklenerek k\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131lan\u0131r, b\u00f6ylelikle de
canl\u0131 hareketlenerek oradan uzakla\u015f\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, her\u015fey s\u0131ra
dan bir elektrokimyasal tepkimeler zinciri i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcr.
Ama, konunun bizi ilgilendiren en \u00f6nemli yan\u0131; bu s\u00fcrecin,
canl\u0131lar\u0131n en geli\u015fkini olan biz insanlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
Dahas\u0131, b\u00f6yle bir elektrokimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7, insan\u0131n \u00e7evreyle al\u0131\u015fveri
\u015finin yani alg\u0131laman\u0131n ve alg\u0131lamaya dayal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminin de
temelidir. Tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lardan insanlara dek, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evreyle yap\u0131
lan t\u00fcm al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fler hep elektrokimyasal tepkimeler dizisi arac\u0131l\u0131
\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.
Bu tepkimeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda bi\u00e7imlenen sinyallerin beyin taraf\u0131n
dan i\u015flenmesiyle de \u00f6nce alg\u0131lama, sonra daha karma\u015f\u0131k elektro
kimyasal i\u015flemler sonucunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka de
yi\u015fle, biz insanlarda yal\u0131n alg\u0131lamadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye dek t\u00fcm sinirsel
i\u015flemler (t\u0131pk\u0131 tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi) elektrokimsayal<\/p>\n
sinyallerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, iletilmesi ve i\u015flenmesinden olu\u015fan bir tep
kimeler dizisi \u00fczerine kurulmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce dedi\u011fi
miz olgu elektrokimyasal niteli\u011fe sahiptir.
\u0130\u015fte, insano\u011flunun b\u00fcnyesinde s\u00fcregelen bu elektrokimyasal
s\u00fcre\u00e7, daha do\u011frusu s\u00fcrecin sonunda olu\u015fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, zaman i\u00e7in
de b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterebilmektedir. \u0130nsan\u0131n kendisini, i\u00e7in
de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamas\u0131, kavray\u0131p de\u011ferlendirmesi, ken
dini ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlatma bi\u00e7imi, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 gereksinmeleri
do\u011frultusunda kullanmas\u0131, zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fegelmektedir. \u00d6r
ne\u011fin, bundan \u00e7ok de\u011fil, hen\u00fcz be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, i\u00e7inde hep
birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrenin merkezinin D\u00fcnya oldu\u011funa; d\u00f6rt
y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ise, yine hep birlikte \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n
yuvarlak de\u011fil d\u00fcz oldu\u011funa ve sadece bir y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce de,
evrenin G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi ile birlikte say\u0131s\u0131 on bini ge\u00e7meyen ve \u00e7\u0131p
lak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\u0130nsan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde orta
ya \u00e7\u0131kan bu denli \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin k\u00f6keninde ise; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye
temel al\u0131nan verilerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, daha do\u011frusu bu verilerin bilim
sel bulu\u015flarla de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki
ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, yani ger\u00e7eklere uygun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip olunmas\u0131 ile
yeni ger\u00e7eklerin bulunmas\u0131, uygarl\u0131k \u00fczerinde hem birbirini do
\u011furan hem de katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir zincirleme etki yaratmakta
d\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6ylelikle, evreni daha geni\u015f ve derinlemesine kavraya
bilir, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve uzun
bir \u00f6mre sahip olabiliriz.
\u0130\u015fte \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fczde duran ve birka\u00e7 sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u00fcredir okumakta
oldu\u011funuz bu kitap; \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin bi\u00e7imleni\u015finde
belirleyici \u00f6neme sahip geli\u015fmeleri, fizi\u011fin5, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygarl\u0131
\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evreleri, her evrede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle bu
g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra sa\u011flanan ilerlemelerin insan ya\u015fa
m\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00fczerindeki etkilerini irdelemektedir. Kitab\u0131n ge
nel d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde denklemlere de\u011fil kavramlara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir.
Bu nedenle kitab\u0131n kolay okunaca\u011f\u0131, salt fizik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in de\u011fil ama
fizi\u011fin kom\u015fu dallar\u0131ndan olan meslekta\u015flar ve bilime ilgi duyan
gen\u00e7 yetenekler i\u00e7in de yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6ylemeye gerek yok; fizik g\u00fczeldir\u2026 Dahas\u0131, uzaktan san\u0131ld\u0131
\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tersine, hi\u00e7 de zor de\u011fildir. Biraz merak ve istek duyan her
kes fizi\u011fin temel kavram ve yasalar\u0131n\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131, bu uygula
malardan elde edilen yararlar\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla \u00f6\u011frenebilir. Biraz cesa
retle, duvar\u0131ndan atlay\u0131p i\u00e7eri girebilir ve bu sonsuz g\u00fczellikteki
bah\u00e7enin b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc havas\u0131n\u0131 derin derin soluyarak, o birbirinden g\u00fc
zel kokular\u0131 i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekebilir…<\/p>\n\n\n
(***) \u015eu da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn tabii ki; “Kendimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; demek ki var\u0131m!” (****) (****) L\u00e2kin bu sefer de kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemizden, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olu\u015fumuzdan \u00f6nce gelir. Yani, “Ben var\u0131m ve kendimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.” (#) \u015fekline b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr konumuz. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" R. Descartes’in “D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; demek ki var\u0131m.” mealindeki s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131d\u0131r; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen varsa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen de olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (konusu, gramer anlam\u0131nda ‘nesne’si (*)) olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Yani, “Ne(yi) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun?” sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Demek ki, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcneni hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcleni anda\u015f olarak gerektirir. (**) “D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Bu da bizi Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee’ye (1058 \u2013 19 Aral\u0131k 1111) (Bkz., https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gazz%C3%A2l%C3%AE<\/a> ve https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gazzali<\/a>) ve George Berkeley’e, (12 Mart 1685 – 14 Ocak 1753) (Bkz., https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/George_Berkeley\/?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=22244257386&gclid=CjwKCAiA-__MBhAKEiwASBmsBINQHuGUblYu-YVq55CwlFXmJJZ7_jmVKxNqySmKeSGzja8eXdgm3RoCgRIQAvD_BwE<\/a> ve https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Berkeley<\/a>) yollar.
Naz\u0131m Hikmet Ran’\u0131n ilgili \u015fiiri i\u00e7in bkz., https:\/\/www.antoloji.com\/berkley-siiri\/antolojim-uyeler\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(#) Doktora e\u011fitimimin, yabanc\u0131 dil bilmenin zorunlu oldu\u011fu ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce ODT\u00dc’l\u00fcler i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 dil say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ziya G\u00f6kalp cad. ile Mithatpa\u015fa cad. kesi\u015fimine yak\u0131n\u0131nda muhkim Frans\u0131z K\u00fclt\u00fcr kurslar\u0131na gider idim. \u0130tfaiye Meydan\u0131 (eski At Pazar\u0131) otellerinden birinde k\u00e2tip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen (O zamanlar “reception” hen\u00fcz icat edilmi\u015f de\u011fil idi.) bir kursiyer, ders i\u00e7i al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir c\u00fcmle kurmu\u015ftu. “Je suis moi et je m’aide.”
O \u015fahs\u0131n, kulaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nlas\u0131n, y\u00fcz\u00fc ile o hali halen g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n