{"id":1301,"date":"2025-11-11T18:06:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T15:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/?p=1301"},"modified":"2025-11-11T18:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T15:11:59","slug":"deprem-bilimi-ve-hukuku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/2025\/11\/11\/deprem-bilimi-ve-hukuku\/","title":{"rendered":"Deprem Bilimi ve Hukuku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Deprem, hi\u00e7bir bilimin (bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n) konusu de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc depreme ili\u015fkin herhangi bir bilim yasas\u0131 mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, depreme ili\u015fkin herhangi bir tahmin, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc (\u2018prediction\u2019, \u2018forecasting\u2019) de yap\u0131lamaz. Daha da derini; deprem mekanizmalar\u0131 yani depremin hangi ko\u015ful alt\u0131nda olu\u015ftu\u011fu da bilin(e)miyor. \u015eu kadar\u0131 hari\u00e7; bir fay (*) hatt\u0131n\u0131n deprem \u00fcretilmi\u015f iki b\u00f6lgesi aras\u0131nda ve ileriki zamanlarda deprem olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 beklenir.<br \/>\nBiliyorsunuz, bu blogda pek \u00e7ok kez s\u00f6z ettik, bilim d\u00fczenliliklerle ilgilidir; d\u00fczensizlikleri ise, g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder. Bu nedenle, Yer\u2019in y\u00fczeyinden itibaren \u00e7ekirde\u011fine dek so\u011fumas\u0131 ve magma \u00fczerinde y\u00fczen k\u0131talar\u0131n, tabii ki Yer\u2019in ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcyor olu\u015funun da etkisiyle (**), birbirini itmesi, birinin di\u011feri alt\u0131na girmesi ve benzeri devinimlerin kollektif olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir deprem konusunda bir sistemli bilgi dizgesi elde etmek i\u00e7in. Bu da devletleraras\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve devasa bilgisayar ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ile veri bankalar\u0131n\u0131 elzem k\u0131lar. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce de, 10km derinlere dek inen toprak katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve daha alttaki k\u00fctlelerin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin nas\u0131l saptanabilece\u011fi bilinmelidir.<br \/>\nDepremin, deprem b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131 ilgilendiren en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fin, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 10km kal\u0131nl\u0131ktaki toprak katman\u0131nda yay\u0131lan sismik dalgalar oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bunun do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Fizik konusu oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ama Fizik, mekanik dalgalar yani deniz dalgalar\u0131 gibi havadaki veya kat\u0131daki ses dalgalar\u0131 gibi madde devinmesinden ibaret sismik dalgalar\u0131 kapsayabilmek i\u00e7in, en az\u0131ndan \u015fu d\u00f6rt parametre hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak katmanlar\u0131nda sismik dalgan\u0131n 1) yay\u0131lma h\u0131zlar\u0131 (\u2018transverse\u2019 ve \u2018longitudinal\u2019) 2) yans\u0131ma katsay\u0131lar\u0131 (\u2018reflection\u2019) 3) ge\u00e7irgenlik (\u2018transparency\u2019) katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ve 4) emilme, so\u011frulma (\u2018absorption\u2019 ve \u2018penetration depth\u2018) katsay\u0131lar\u0131.<br \/>\nAncak bundan sonrad\u0131r ki, deprem konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler beklenebilir.<br \/>\nHat\u0131ralardad\u0131r; 2020 Samos-Seferihisar Depremi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisini taa 70km kadar \u00f6tedeki \u0130zmir\u2019de bina y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2025\/11\/35dprm.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1300\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2025\/11\/35dprm-210x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2025\/11\/35dprm-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/files\/2025\/11\/35dprm.jpg 448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nPeki, ne ve nas\u0131l olmu\u015ftu da sismik dalga bunca yolu gidip y\u0131k\u0131ma sebep olmu\u015ftu? Bu konuda herhangi bir yan\u0131t giri\u015fimi dahi bilgi da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ve el alt\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklarda mevcut de\u011fildir. Bu konuda deprem uzmanlar\u0131m\u0131z ile bu fakir ve k\u00f6\u015fedeki bakkal aras\u0131nda fark yoktur. Bu insanlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri biliyor de\u011filler. Ama hi\u00e7 de\u011filse biz (bu fakir ve bakkal) \u2018deprem uzman\u0131\u2019 de\u011filiz. El hakk; hakk\u0131nda hemen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilinmeyen bir konunun uzman\u0131 m\u0131 olu(nu)rmu\u015f?<br \/>\nBak\u0131n\u0131z, s\u0131radan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir kap al\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u00e7ine, yar\u0131 derinli\u011fe dek su ve bir iki tane irice nesne koyunuz. Sonra da suyu hafif\u00e7e \u00e7alkalay\u0131n\u0131z. Dalgan\u0131n devinimi, nerede ne zaman g\u00fc\u00e7lenip nerede ne zaman zay\u0131flayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte midir? Yahut; o dalgan\u0131n devinimini, nerede ne zaman g\u00fc\u00e7lenip nerede ne zaman zay\u0131flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in ne yapmak gerekir?<br \/>\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorular cevaps\u0131zken de, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 binas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lan her m\u00fcteahhidin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck bina yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmek adil midir? Sonu\u00e7ta, devletin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u00fcm belgeler al\u0131n\u0131p iskan raporu da al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise, m\u00fcteahhit masum say\u0131lmal\u0131, o belgeleri veren ki\u015fi ve kurumlar su\u00e7lanmal\u0131 de\u011fil midir? Kald\u0131 ki, y\u00f6redeki en sa\u011flam bina(lar)a bile dalga d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri isabet ederek \u00e7e\u015fitli derecede y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu ba\u011flamda, kolonlar\u0131 kesilmi\u015f t\u00fcm binalar y\u0131k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, m\u00fcnferit \u00f6rnekler hangi gerek\u00e7eyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir?<br \/>\nElbette, insan ac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne olan bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek de okuyana da yazana da ac\u0131 vermektedir. Gelgelelim, S\u0131nd\u0131rg\u0131-Simav hatt\u0131nda g\u00fcnde ortalama 300 kez deprem oluyor Ekim sonundan bu yana ama herhangi bir tedbir al\u0131n\u0131yor mu? Deprem uzmanlar\u0131 ne diyor? Devlet her hangi bir \u015fey yap\u0131yor mu? (***)<br \/>\nTabii ki, umar\u0131m ve dilerim ki, depremler \u00f6zellikle de S\u0131nd\u0131rg\u0131-Simav hatt\u0131ndakiler daha fazla zarar vermeden ortadan kalkar! Ama, ya b\u00f6yle olmazsa?!<br \/>\n\u2026<br \/>\nFazlas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye dilim varm\u0131yor!<\/p>\n<p>(*) Buharl\u0131 makinalar \u0130ngiltere\u2019de geli\u015ftirilip madenlerden su ve sonras\u0131nda cevher \u00e7ekilmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r olunca \u00e7ok say\u0131da, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dehlizlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleli toprak kaymalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00fczensizlik sergiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00f6ylesi hatlara \u2018fault\u2019 yani \u2018yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k\u2019 ad\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ad, dilimize \u2018fay\u2019 bi\u00e7iminde girmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n(**) Arabistan ve \u0130ran karalar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019yu Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde itmesinde Yer\u2019in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn de etkili oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<br \/>\n(***) https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=s%C4%B1nd%C4%B1rg%C4%B1+fay+hatt%C4%B1&amp;oq=s%C4%B1nd%C4%B1rg%C4%B1+fay+hatt%C4%B1&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyDwgAEEUYORiDARixAxiABDIHCAEQABiABDIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhgeMggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEIMTQyN2owajeoAgCwAgA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deprem, hi\u00e7bir bilimin (bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n) konusu de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc depreme ili\u015fkin herhangi bir bilim yasas\u0131 mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, depreme ili\u015fkin herhangi bir tahmin, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc (\u2018prediction\u2019, \u2018forecasting\u2019) de yap\u0131lamaz. Daha da derini; deprem mekanizmalar\u0131 yani depremin hangi ko\u015ful alt\u0131nda olu\u015ftu\u011fu da bilin(e)miyor. \u015eu kadar\u0131 hari\u00e7; bir fay (*) hatt\u0131n\u0131n deprem \u00fcretilmi\u015f iki b\u00f6lgesi aras\u0131nda ve ileriki zamanlarda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1301"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1301\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.metu.edu.tr\/caglart\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}